Tampilkan postingan dengan label tech-news. Tampilkan semua postingan
Tampilkan postingan dengan label tech-news. Tampilkan semua postingan

Who actually invented the computers, Not Charles babbage?



This was an article that I read in the well known tech site Tech arrive, an a portion of TIME. There is a cool debating content underneath which could make the development and creator of PCs more clearer. 

We all think about PCs just by taking care of it in everyday life except we wont seek, who has really developed it. There are such a variety of issues on PC innovation both of Billgates? Steve employments? Some adage savy? On the other hand Alan turing? Konrad Zuse who was made something many refer to as "Z1" credited as "first uninhibitedly programmable PC" however most likely all above said demonstrate wrong there were such a large number of inquiry on dialog". 

Whether offbeat researcher charles babbage thought about first programmable PC in 1830s, a hundred years before the thought was advanced in current structure by alan turing?" obviously charles babbage conceived in 1791 passed on in 1871 made an endeavor amid first 50% of nineteenth century in planning sort of mechanical adding machine named it to be distinction motor to process different arrangement of numbers yet there is disarray turing or zuse is the genuine father of cutting edge PC. babbages, shopping center based chain that inevitably converged with programming, and so on yet before his organization went bankrupt, was picked by bernes and honorable's leonard riggio collapsed in the long run into gamestop chain. babbages never fabricated contrast motor in the long run in light of expense invades and political differences however he had greater arrangements to build investigative motor. A beast machine involves size of a room with limit of its own cpu, memory and empower to programmable with punch cards yet he never had manufacture whatever he envisioned his passing. 

The issue here to finish up is: the place the distinction motor arrangement were finished, where logical motor were a work-in-advancement. When we enter science exhibition hall, London which plans to build babbage's investigative motor after century-and-a half and arrangement of work in porogress obstacle by inviting so as to put arrangements internet succeeding year passarby to say something. however, one of vital inquiry the venture's intended to answer whether babbage would have possessed the capacity to really fabricate it by any means. on the off chance that we think answer is "yes, he could be" it could challenge the predominant scholarly conviction that turing, not babbage, composed first broadly useful PC keeping in mind today question is totally scholastic, the machine's con struction, accepting it truly is feasible, ought to demonstrate entrancing to watch what might be next.

Next Post :

AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING PROJECTS: SIX-STROKE CYCLE INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

US military drones, infected by The “nasty” computer virus


The “nasty” computer virus is an key logger, which secretly record  the action performed on the key board by saving the keystorkes in log file.  This virus infected a fleet of America’s predator and Reaper drones recently which fly the mission remotely to Afghanistan and other warzones . The use of unmanned aircrafts - u.s military drones is increased after the president obama took the office, recent  statistics says u.s military drone killed more than 20,000 suspected  militants and civilians, without risking the lives of u.s soldiers. But now, the drone here is targeted –unmanned with help of the “nasty” computer virus.  The unmanned aircrafts used by the Airforce for espionage and combat, this aircraft  is given instruction remotely using the keyboard and joy stick, with help of this advancement the infection here records the keystroke which helps the hacker to get to know what is exactly happening in the u.s military . The “nasty” computer virus infection hits the Creech Air Force station in Nevada suspected that it steals the confidential information of the u.s. military also they have no clue that, from where the infection is spread and whether its been targeted the Drones computer alone or not. Creech specialist couldn’t remove the “nasty” computer virus in their systems even after knowing what exactly had happened to the system.







Steve Jobs - Greatest contributor to technology.

This post on the great, Steve Jobs! is an tribute to the king of modern computers..
Everybody knows Steve Jobs was a genius, but only some of them knew his actual influence on present technology, one such person is Walt Mossberg who was the editor for the technical column in “wall street journal”. Walt Mossberg shares his thoughts about Steve Jobs in his blog shortly after his death.
Steve Jobs influenced billion of lives with his technology he has been role model to many of the present corporate leaders. Many people look upon him in the range of Thomas Alva Edison or Hendry ford.
He was the ultimate CEO, he hired many minds around the world, employed them for a long period of time, took many risks, made big bets and insisted on product quality unlike others. He empowered his users and not the intermediate corporate or it directories, which made him distinct and special from others.
Steve Jobs relationship with Walt Mossberg was cordial and highly professional. Since Walt was a product reviewer Steve Jobs discussed about his products with him over the phone, there are some instances that Mossberg would like to share with us,

THE PHONE CALLS:
Initially when Steve Jobs were at Apple Walt Mossberg didn’t know him. The first meeting between both took place only during Jobs return in 1977. Right after that time Jobs began to call him regularly during Sunday nights, to discuss about his reviews on his products which Walt Mossberg didn’t recommend for his readers .The talks between the both extended even for hours together. Now Walt Mossberg started to recommend apple products to an average non technical user which was Steve Jobs target.

THE PRODUCT UNVEILING:
 Sometimes Steve Jobs showed his new products first to Walt Mossberg in his boardroom before showing it to the world. He mostly did the same with the other journalists also. He was almost like a show man casting his products to others with immense pride in his voice. When Steve showed his first iPods to Walt Mossberg, Walt was quiet astonished and had asked Steve that how could a computer company produce an mp3 player but Steve had replied that Apple was not a computer company but it was a digital products company. It was the same with iTunes, iphone and even iPod. Steve had shown his first iphone to Mossberg at his house because he was too ill to go to office at that time.

THE SLIDES:
One technical conference that Steve Jobs always attended was D:ALL THINGS DIGITAL conference of Walt Mossberg’s news paper, where there is a principle of not using slides for any presentation ironically Steve’s prime presentation tool was slides. Once in the same conference Steve had prepared several slides for his speech (knowing that slides were not allowed) and was practicing them backstage before the program was about to begin. When Walt had insisted him not to use them on stage Steve argued with him for a very long time and then accepted not to use the slides on stage, yet he made it big that day and proved that he was the favorite speaker of people.

ICE WATER IN HELL:
Everyone knows about the relationship between Bill Gates and Steve Jobs. During the 5th D: conference, both Bill Gates and Steve Jobs had accepted to do a joint stage interview with Walt Mossberg. The interview started off first with Steve Jobs so that Bill Gates could join them later, in that interview Mossberg had asked Steve Jobs that “how it is like to see many windows users making use of your iTunes players?” for that Steve had replied that it is like “giving a glass of ice water to someone in hell”. Later when Bill Gates arrived he happened to hear about this comment, he asked Steve Jobs that:”so I guess I’m the representative from hell”, Steve Jobs merely handed Gates a cold bottle of water that he was carrying. The tension created by Bill Gates was simply shattered, the interview became a triumph and the audience gave a standing ovation at the end.

OPTIMIST:
Steve jobs was very optimistic this was shown very well during the dark days of apple in 1997 and 1998 when he was forced to turn to Microsoft for help. He still had his nasty and mercurial qualities which he later expressed to vendors and dealers who wanted to connect to Apple. He was a very self motivated person who still wanted to keep going even after his illness and liver transplant. Steve jobs was a great man who almost changed the view of technology to a common man.


The Tech World's Tributes to Steve Jobs:
Death of Steve jobs has generated tributes of several admirers, peers, colleagues, rivals and many others who had adored him from afar, here is the roundup of what they had said in social networking sites like twitter and face book,

Michelle and I are saddened to learn of the passing of Steve Jobs. Steve was among the greatest of American innovators - brave enough to think differently, bold enough to believe he could change the world, and talented enough to do it.
"By building one of the planet's most successful companies from his garage, he exemplified the spirit of American ingenuity. By making computers personal and putting the internet in our pockets, he made the information revolution not only accessible, but intuitive and fun.
"And by turning his talents to storytelling, he has brought joy to millions of children and grownups alike. Steve was fond of saying that he lived every day like it was his last.
"Because he did, he transformed our lives, redefined entire industries, and achieved one of the rarest feats in human history: he changed the way each of us sees the world.
"The world has lost a visionary. And there may be no greater tribute to Steve's success than the fact that much of the world learned of his passing on a device he invented. Michelle and I send our thoughts and prayers to Steve's wife Laurene, his family, and all those who loved him."
—U.S. President Barack Obama and First Lady Michelle Obama

"Melinda and I extend our sincere condolences to Steve Jobs' family and friends. The world rarely sees someone who made such a profound impact."
—Bill Gates, Co-Founder and Chairman of Microsoft, and Melinda Gates

"Today the world lost a visionary leader, the technology industry lost an iconic legend and I lost a friend and fellow founder. The legacy of Steve Jobs will be remembered for generations to come."
—Michael Dell, CEO of Dell

"Steve Jobs was a great California innovator who demonstrated what an independent and creative mind can accomplish."
—Jerry Brown, Governor of California

"Steve lived the California Dream every day of his life and he changed the world and inspired all of us."
—Arnold Schwarzenegger, Actor and Former Governor of California

We've lost a unique tech pioneer and auteur who knew how to make amazingly great products. Steve fought a long battle against tough odds in a very brave way. He kept doing amazing things in the face of all that adversity. As someone who has had his own medical challenges, I couldn't help but be encouraged by how he persevered."
—Paul Allen, Co-Founder of Microsoft

I want to express my deepest condolences at the passing of Steve Jobs, one of the founders of our industry and a true visionary. My heart goes out to his family, everyone at Apple, and everyone who has been touched by his work."
—Steve Ballmer, CEO of Microsoft

He was a great man with incredible achievements and amazing brilliance. He always seemed to be able to say in very few words what you actually should have been thinking before you thought it. His focus on the user experience above all else has always been an inspiration to me."
—Larry Page, CEO of Google

"Steve, thank you for being a mentor and a friend. Thanks for showing that what you build can change the world. I will miss you."
—Mark Zuckerberg, Founder and CEO of Facebook

"Once in a rare while, somebody comes along who doesn't just raise the bar, they create an entirely new standard of measurement."
—Dick Costolo, CEO of Twitter


RIP Steve! You lived the most meaningful life on the earth! We'll miss you..


Quantum computers - Soon to replace current generation computers?

We live in a generation where we witness the procession of contraptions that make our life easier by the day. Thanks to the brains behind such fabulous inventions. These gadgets play an influential role in leading a comfortable life.
One such soon-to-be, life-changing tool is the quantum computer which is being developed in the hope of matching up to the existing counterpart with the help of quantum particles rather than the transistors that the latter uses. Though the quantum computer is under development for more than two decades, the physicists are yet to attain a remarkable result except for the latest creation of a tiny "electron superhighway" that could one day be useful for building a successful quantum computer. In a recent paper in Physical Review Letters, Rice physicists Rui-Rui Du and Ivan Knez describe a new method for making a tiny device called a "quantum spin Hall topological insulator." The device, which acts as an electron superhighway, is one of the building blocks needed to create quantum particles that store and manipulate data. Today's computers use binary bits of data that are either ones or zeros whereas the quantum computers use quantum bits, or "qubits," which can be both ones and zeros at the same time. This quirk gives quantum computers a huge edge in performing particular types of calculations, said Du, professor of physics and astronomy at Rice University,Houston. For example, intense computing tasks like code-breaking, climate modeling and biomedical simulation could be completed thousands of times faster with quantum computers. "In principle, we don't need many qubits to create a powerful computer," he said. "In terms of information density, a silicon microprocessor with 1 billion transistors would be roughly equal to a quantum processor with 30 qubits". They are confident that the information encoded into these qubits is not likely to get lost over time due to quantum fluctuations which is called as fault tolerance. Du and Knez follow "topological quantum computing". Topological designs are expected to be more fault-tolerant than other types of quantum computers.
The topological designs led to the yet-to-be-discovered Majorana fermions, a stable pair of quantum particle that have a virtually immutable shared identity. Physicists believe the particles can be made by marrying a two-dimensional topological insulator to a superconductor. if a small square of a topological insulator is attached to a superconductor, Knez said, “The elusive Majorana fermions are expected to appear precisely where the materials meet. If this proves true, the devices could potentially be used to generate qubits for quantum computing”, he said.
Knez spent more than a year refining the techniques to create Rice's topological insulator. The device is made from a commercial-grade semiconductor that's commonly used in making night-vision goggles. Du said it is the first 2-D topological insulator made from a material that physicists already know how to attach to a superconductor.
"We are well-positioned for the next step," Du said. "Meanwhile, only experiments can tell whether we can find Majorana fermions and whether they are good candidates for creating stable qubits”. This quantum computer is sure to make a mark in the field of computing. So let us keep our fingers crossed and hopefully encounter a worth-a-wait device in the years to come.

I came across this highly informative article in sciencedaily and wanted to share it to my reders to let them enjoy the information as much as I did.

Extra money making tips, part time jobs for engineering students (Without disturbing your academics)

Hello Engineers! This post is exclusively for a few of my regular reader. In the recent times, I received more than 15 mails requesting some tips and true ways to work online and make money. The first thing I felt while making this article was "Thank God, INDIAN students are finally awake and now aware of not loosing their money to some stupid, scam agency. Who'd easily cheat them and vacate. 
Something i was able to study from these requests was, more than 40% was from ladies. This made me realize that there is going to be more lady entrepreneurs from the technical base very soon in INDIA!!

A Cautious thing for an engineer is :
It is true that most of the engineering students are wanting to earn while they are studying. Though this is common among all the young ones. being an engineering student, you might have this special concern of lossing your concentration on the subject and decline your high scores. today i have given a list of ways by which you could make money easily while you are gaining knowledge.


To avoid these decline in academics and still earn some good money:
These are a few online jobs which are on external links. goto these link and read their instructions and TOS completely before joining. If you have any more doubts feel free to ask!

  • Work as moderators: If you have a habit of staying online for most of your free time. Just try to apply and get a good moderator job at a top forum (like Crazyengineers and more).
  • Indiastudychannel.com: You must have visited this site for some book and stuff. But this site give people such a good opportunity to earn money. You can post information like exams, syllabus, jobs, projects and easily earn.
  • Flixya.com: This is another social networking site. the special thing about this site is the feature of money making. if you make more friends and share more data here, you'll have the possibility of money making.


Most recommended! (Personal wish list for my readers) :

  • Write technical articles: If you are good in english (Need not be an Master). Write some tech articles and post on article directories (Click here to get a list of top directories).
  • Work with Google Adsense and Blogging: This is the most sensible and elegant way to make decent money. Because you are earning from "GOOGLE". If you are interested in this just start doing it.
  • Work @ Hello-engineers: You can work for our blog and earn a few bugs too! If you wanna know more details mail me at yuva.2712@gmail.com.
If you are very much interested: In this type of earning and want to learn more ways to earn money in the right way without getting cheated by any 3rd party. 


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These guys will teach you the perfect way to make money online, without spoiling much of our engineering time.

If you have anymore doubts feel free to comment below! waiting for your response..


GEOG-AN-MOD 2011, CTP 2011, RS 2011, call for participation


CALL FOR PARTICIPATION


     Sixth International Workshop on "Geographical Analysis, Urban Modeling, Spatial Statistics" GEOG-AN-MOD 2011

"Cities, Technologies and Planning" (CTP 2011)

Remote sensing Data Analysis,  modeling, interpretation and  Applications: from a global view to a local analysis (RS 2011) 
in conjunction with

The 2011 International Conference on Computational
Science and its Applications (ICCSA 2011)
June 20th  - June 23th, 2011

University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain.
http://www.iccsa.org/

Sunday 19 June 2011
19.00 – Welcome Reception (Royal Palace of the Magdalena)
 Monday 20 June 2011
8.30 – Registration of participants
9.00 – Welcome Address
PLENARY SESSION
9. 30  Yee Leung (Chinese University of Hong Kong):  Theories and Applications of Spatial-Temporal Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery
coffee break
11.00 – Parallel Sessions (GEOG-AN-MOD 11, RS 2011)
SOCIO-ECONOMICAL ANALYSIS AND POLICIES 
Chair: Beniamino Murgante (University of Basilicata)  

REMOTE SENSING 1 
Chair: Nicola Masini (Archaeological and monumental heritage institute, National Research Council, Italy)  
Accounting for Spatial Heterogeneity in Educational Outcomes and International Migration in Mexico
Edith Yolanda Gutierrez-Vazquez,Landy Lizbeth Sanchez-Peña, Silvia Elena Giorguli-Saucedo - El Colegio de Mexico

From the point cloud to virtual and augmented reality: digital accessibility for disabled people in San Martin’s Church (Segovia) and its surroundings
Juan Mancera-Taboada, Pablo Rodriguez-Gonzalvez, Diego Gonzalez-Aguilera 
- University of Salamanca
Jesus San Jose, Juan Jose Fernandez, Jose Martinez  - University of Valladolid
Spatial Analysis with a Tool GIS via Systems of Fuzzy Relation Equations, Ferdinando Di Martino, Salvatore Sessa - University of Naples Federico II

On the Use of Satellite Remote Sensing Data to Characterize and Map Fuel Types
Antonio Lanorte,  Rosa Lasaponara - Institute of Methodologies for Environmental Analysis, National Research Council, Italy
How measure Estate Value in the Big Apple? Walking along districts of Manhattan
Carmelo Maria Torre, - Polytechnic of Bari

Speed-up of GIS processing using multicore architectures
Nita Iulian,  Costachioiu Teodor , Lazarescu Vasile - Polytechnic University of Bucharest
Hierarchical clustering through spatial interaction data. The case of commuting flows in South-Eastern France
Giovanni Fusco, Matteo Caglioni - University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis

Pre and Post fire vegetation behavioral trends from satellite MODIS/NDVI time series in semi-natural areas
Tiziana Montesano, Antonio Lanorte,  Fortunato De Santis, Rosa Lasaponara - Institute of Methodologies for Environmental Analysis, National Research Council, Italy
An Analysis of Poverty in Italy through a fuzzy regression model
Paola Perchinunno, Francesco Campobasso, Annarita Fanizzi, Silvestro Montrone - Department of Statistical Science, University of Bari

Satellite based observations of the time-variation of urban pattern morphology using geospatial analysis
Gabriele Nolè, Rosa Lasaponara - Institute of Methodologies for Environmental Analysis, National Research Council, Italy
lunch
14.30 – Parallel Sessions (GEOG-AN-MOD 11, RS 2011)
SPATIAL DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS 
Chair: Carmelo  Torre (Polytechnic of Bari)   

REMOTE SENSING 2
Chair: Rosa Lasaponara (Institute of Methodologies for Environmental Analysis, National Research Council, Italy)  
Seismic vulnerability assessment using field survey and Remote Sensing techniques
Paolo Ricci, Gerardo Mario Verderame, Gaetano Manfredi -Department of
Structural Engineering (DIST) - University of Naples Federico II
Maurizio Pollino, Flavio Borfecchia, Luigi De Cecco, Sandro Martini- National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA, UTMEA-TER)
Carmine Pascale, Elsabetta Ristoratore, Valentina James -Consortium T.R.E. Technologies for Building Rehabilitation

On the processing of aerial LiDAR data for supporting enhancement, interpretation and mapping of archaeological features
Rosa Lasaponara - Institute of Methodologies for Environmental Analysis, National Research Council, Italy
Nicola Masini- Archaeological and monumental heritage institute, National Research Council, Italy

Spatial Clustering to Uncluttering Map Visualization in SOLAP
Ricardo Silva, João Moura-Pires - New University of Lisbon 
Maribel Yasmina Santos - 
University of Minho

Comparative Algorithms For Oil Spill Detection From Multi Mode RADARSAT-1 SAR Data
Maged Marghany - Institute of Geo spatial Science and Technology (INSTeG) Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
Resilient city and seismic risk: a spatial multicriteria approach
Lucia Tilio, Beniamino Murgante, Francesco Di Trani, Marco Vona - University of Basilicata

A computationally efficient method for sequential MAP-MRF cloud detection
Paolo Addesso,  Roberto Conte, Maurizio Longo, Rocco Restaino, Gemine Vivone
- University of Salerno
Analyzing demographic and economic simulation model results: a Semi-Automatic Spatial OLAP Approach
Hadj Mahboubi, Sandro Bimonte, Guillaume Deffuant - Research Centre on Technologies, information systems and processes for agriculture (Cemagref,), Clermont Ferrand

Data Usability Assessment for Remote Sensing Data: Accuracy of Interactive Data Quality Interpretation
Erik Borg, Bernd Fichtelmann - German Aerospace Center, German Remote Sensing Data Center
Hartmut Asche - Department of Geography, University of Potsdam
Towards a Planning Decision Support System for Low-Carbon Urban Development
Ivan Blečić, Arnaldo Cecchini, Giuseppe A. Trunfio - Department of Architecture, Planning and Design, University of Sassari, Alghero
Serena Marras, Donatella Spano  - Department of Economics and Woody Plant Ecosystems, University of Sassari
Matthias Falk, David R. Pyles - Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California

An Open Source GIS System for Earthquake Early Warning and Post-Event Emergency Management
Maurizio Pollino, Grazia Fattoruso, Antonio Bruno Della Rocca, Luigi La Porta –  National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development
Development (ENEA)
Valentina James, Carmine Pascale - Consortium T.R.E. Technologies for Building renovation
coffee break
16:40 – Parallel Sessions (GEOG-AN-MOD 11, CTP 2011)
GEOWEB AND INFORMATION QUALITY 
Chair: Ernesto Marcheggiani (Katholieke Universiteit Leuven)    

ONTOLOGY AND PLANNING 
Chair: Francesco Rotondo (Polytechnic of Bari)  
View - and Scale-Based Progressive Transmission of Vector Data
Padraig Corcoran, Adam Winstanley, Peter Mooney - National University of Ireland Maynooth
Michela Bertolotto - University College Dublin

An OWL2 Land Use Ontology: LBCS
Nuno Montenegro,  José Duarte –  Faculty of Architecture,Technical University  of Lisbon
Jorge Gomes,  Paulo Urbano -  University  of Lisbon
Geospatial Orchestration Framework for Resolving Complex User Query
Sudeep Singh Walia, Arindam Daspupta, S.K. Ghosh - Indian Institute of Technology

Ontology and spatial planning
Beniamino Murgante, Francesco Scorza - University of Basilicata
Analyzing and testing strategies to guarantee the topological relationships and quality requirements between networks inside BTA and BTU data models
Francisco Ruiz-Lopez, Eloina Coll, Jose Martinez-Llario- Polytechnic of Valencia

Integration of temporal and semantic components into the Geographic Information through mark-up languages. Part I: Definition 
Willington Siabato, Miguel-Angel Manso-Callejo – Technical University of Madrid
An Adaptive Neural Network-Based Method for Tile Replacement in a Web Map Cache
Ricardo García Martín, Juan Pablo de Castro Fernández, María Jesús Verdú Pérez, Elena Verdú Pérez, Luisa María Regueras Santos, Pablo López Escobés -Higher Technical School of Telecommunications Engineering, University of Valladolid

Onto-planning: innovation for regional development planning within EU convergence framework 
Francesco Scorza, Giuseppe Las Casas, Angelo Carlucci - University of Basilicata
Improvement of Spatial Data Quality Using the Data Conflation
Silvija Stankute, Hartmut Asche -Geoinformation Research Group, Department of Geography, University of Potsdam


20.00 – Official Conference Opening Ceremony
 Tuesday 21 June 2011
PLENARY SESSION
9.30 Ajith Abraham (Machine Intelligence Research Labs, USA):  Evolving Future Information Systems: Challenges, Perspectives and Applications
coffee break
11.00 – Parallel Sessions (GEOG-AN-MOD 11, CTP 2011)
ANALYZING, MONITORING AND SIMULATING URBAN SPRAWL 
Chair: Giovanni Fusco (University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Nice, France)   

SPATIAL DATA INFRASTRUCTURES AND PLANNING 
Chair: Alenka Poplin (HafenCity University Hamburg)  
GIS and Remote Sensing to study urban-rural transformation during a fifty-year period
Carmelo Riccardo Fichera, Giuseppe Modica -Mediterranea University of Reggio Calabria
Maurizio Pollino - National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA, UTMEA-TER)

On how to build SDI using social networking principles in the scope of spatial planning and vocational education
Karel Janecka - University of West Bohemia
Raitis Berzins, Andris Dzerve  - Institute of Mathematics and Computer Science of the University of Latvia
Karel Charvat - Help Service Remote Sensing
Fuzzy Logic Approach for Spatially Variable Nitrogen Fertilization of Corn Based on Soil, Crop and Precipitation Information
Yacine Bouroubi, Nicolas Tremblay, Philippe Vigneault, Carl Bélec, Bernard Panneton - Horticulture Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada
Serge Guillaume - Information and Technologies for Agro-processes (Cemagref, ITAP), Montpellier

Integrating spatial and thematic data: the CRISOLA case for Malta and the European project Plan4all
Saviour Formosa - Institute of Criminology, University of Malta
Vincent Magri - Fondazzjoni Temi Zammit, University of Malta
Julia Neuschmid, Manfred Schrenk  - Department for Urbanism, Transport, Environment and Information Society, Central European Institute of Technology, Austria
Evolution trends of land use/land cover in a Mediterranean forest landscape in Italy
Salvatore Di Fazio, Giuseppe Modica, Paolo Zoccali - Department of Agroforestry and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, ‘Mediterranean’ University of Reggio Calabria

A Service Quality Model for Web-Services Evaluation in Cultural Heritage Management
Chiabai Aline - Basque Centre for Climate Change BC3, Bilbao,
Rocca Lorena - Department of Geography, University of Padova
Chiarullo Livio - Livio Chiarullo, Eni Foundation Enrico Mattei, Italy
Modelling Proximal Space in Urban Cellular Automata
Ivan Blečić, Arnaldo Cecchini, Giuseppe A. Trunfio - Department of Architecture, Planning and Design, University of Sassari, Alghero

The State’s Geopolitics Versus the Local’s Concern, A Case Study on the Land Border between Indonesia and Timor-Leste in West Sector
Sri Handoyo - National Coordinating Agency for Surveys and Mapping of Indonesia (Bakosurtanal)
Conceptual approach to measure the potential of Urban Heat Islands from Landuse datasets and Landuse projections
Christian Daneke, Benjamin Bechtel, Jürgen Böhner,Thomas Langkamp,
Jürgen Oßenbrügge - University Hamburg

Towards 'Resilient Cities' - Harmonisation of Spatial Planning Information as One Step Along the Way
Manfred Schrenk, Julia Neuschmid, Daniela Patti  - Department for Urbanism, Transport, Environment and Information Society, Central European Institute of Technology, Austria
lunch
14.30 – Parallel Sessions (GEOG-AN-MOD 11, CTP 2011)
GEO-INFORMATION FOR URBAN APPLICATIONS 
Chair: Maurizio Pollino (National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, ENEA)   

PLANNING 2.0 
Chair: Aline Chiabai (Basque Centre for Climate Change BC3, Bilbao)  
An assessment-based process for modifying the built fabric of historic centres: the case of Como in Lombardy
Pier Luigi Paolillo, Alberto Benedetti, Umberto Baresi, Luca Terlizzi, Giorgio Graj  - Polytechnic of Milan

Web Based Integrated Models for Participatory Planning
Grammatikogiannis Elias, Maria Giaoutzi - School of Rural and Surveying Engineering, National Technical University of  Athens (NTUA)
XPath for Querying GML-based Representation of Urban Maps 
Jesús M. Almendros-Jiménez, Antonio Becerra-Terón Francisco García-García - University of Almería

E-democracy in collaborative planning: a critical review 
Francesco Rotondo, Francesco Selicato - Department of Architecture and Town Planning of Polytechnic of Bari
Application of integrated System Dynamics, GIS and 3D visualization system in a study of residential sustainability
Zhao Xu - Polytechnic of Turin
Volker Coors - University of Applied Sciences Stuttgart

Smarter Urban Planning: Match Land Use with Citizen Needs and Financial Constraints 
Maria-Lluïsa Marsal-Llacuna - Department of Architecture and Building Engineering, Urban Planning Area, Girona University 
Ying Tat Leung, Guang-Jie Ren - IBM Almaden Research Centre
Towards a Spatio-Temporal Information System for Moving Objects
Maribel Yasmina Santos, José Mendes, Adriano Moreira -University of Minho
Monica Wachowicz - University of New Brunswick

The participation loop: helping citizens to get in
Jorge Gustavo Rocha - University of Minho
MyTravel: a geo-referenced social-oriented Web 2.0 application
Gabriele Cestra, Gianluca Liguori, Eliseo Clementini - University of L'Aquila

Games and Serious Games in Urban Planning: Study Cases
Alenka Poplin - HafenCity University Hamburg
coffee break
16:40 – Parallel Sessions (GEOG-AN-MOD 11, CTP 2011)
ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSES AND SIMULATIONS FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 
Chair: Maria Giaoutzi (National Technical University of  Athens)   

VOLUNTEERED URBAN ANALYSES 
Chair: Małgorzata Hanzl (Institute of Architecture and Town Planning, Technical University of Lodz)    
Quantitative Analysis of Pollutant Emissions in the Context of Demand Responsive Transport
Julie Prud'homme, Didier Josselin, Jagannath Aryal - University of Avignon

Monitoring temporary populations through cellular core network data
Fabio Manfredini, Paolo Tagliolato, Carmelo di Rosa - Department of Architecture and Planning, Polytechnic of Milan
Mapping the Quality of Life Experience in Alfama: A Case Study in Lisbon, Portugal
Pearl May dela Cruz, Pedro Cabral - Institute of Statistics and Information Management, New University of Lisbon
Jorge Mateu - Department of Mathematics, Jaume I University

The characterisation of “living” landscapes: the role of mixed descriptors and volunteering geographic information
Ernesto Marcheggiani, Hubert Gulinck - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven
Andrea Galli - Polytechnic University of Marche
Accessibility Analysis and Modeling in Public Transport Networks - A
Raster based Approach

Morten Fuglsang, - National Environmental Research Institute, Aarhus
University and Aalborg University Copenhagen
Henning Sten Hansen - Aalborg University Copenhagen
Bernd Münier - National Environmental Research Institute, Aarhus University

Building a Crowd-sourcing Tool for the Validation of Urban Extent and Gridded Population
Steffen Fritz, Linda See, Ian McCallum, Michael Obersteiner - International Institute of Applied Systems Analysis
Christian Schill - University of Freiburg
Christoph Perger - University of Applied Sciences Wiener Neustadt
A High Resolution Land use/cover Modelling Framework for Europe: introducing the EU-ClueScanner100 model
Carlo Lavalle, Claudia Baranzelli, Filipe Batista e Silva, Sarah Mubareka, Carla Rocha Gomes,  - European Commission Joint Research Centre (Ispra, Italy)
Eric Koomen - Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
Maarten Hilferink - Object Vision, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam

Network Based Kernel Density Estimation for Cycling Facilities Optimal Location Applied to Ljubljana
Nicolas Lachance-Bernard, Timothée Produit  - Ecole polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne
Biba Tominc, Matej Niksic, Barbara Golicnik Marusic  - Urban Planning Institute of the Republic of Slovenia
Spatio-temporal analysis using urban-rural gradient modelling and landscape metrics
Marco Vizzari - Department of Man and Territory, University of Perugia

CartoService: A Web Service Framework for Quality On-Demand Geovisualisation
Rita Engemaier, Hartmut Asche - Department of Geography, University of Potsdam
20.00 – Gala Dinner (Casino of the Sardinero)
 Wednesday 22 June 2011
PLENARY SESSION
9. 30 Marina Gavrilova (University of Calgary, CANADA):  Recent Advances and Trends in Biometric Multimodal Research
coffee break
11.00 – TECHNOLOGIES AND INNOVATIVE APPROACHES TO PLANNING
Chair: Manfred Schrenk  (Department for Urbanism, Transport, Environment and Information Society, Central European Institute of Technology, Austria)
Web-GIS Based Green Landscape and Urban Planning System Development
 Junghoon Ki - Myongji University
Kunesook Hur - Green Technology Institute, Jinju National University
Mapping Invisibles - acquiring GIS for urban planner workshop
Małgorzata Hanzl - Institute of Architecture and Town Planning, Technical University of Lodz
Ewa Stankiewicz,  Agata Wierzbicka,  Tomasz Kujawski, Karol Dzik, Paulina Kowalczyk, Krystian Kwiecinski, Maciek Burdalski, Anna Śliwka, Mateusz Wójcicki, Michał Miszkurka, Semir Poturak, Katarzyna Westrych  - Faculty of Architecture, Warsaw University of Technology
Crowd-Cloud Tourism, new approaches to territorial marketing 
Beniamino Murgante, Lucia Tilio, Francesco Scorza,Viviana Lanza  - University of Basilicata
Constructing Strategies in Strategic Urban Planning: A Case Study of a Decision Support and Evaluation Model
Ivan Blečić, Arnaldo Cecchini, Giuseppe A. Trunfio - Department of Architecture, Planning and Design, University of Sassari, Alghero
Territories of digital communities. representing the social landscape of web relationships
Letizia Bollini - University of Milano-Bicocca
lunch
15.00 – Conference Tour
Collegiate church of Santa Juliana (Santillana del Mar), Altamira Neocave
 Thursday 23 June 2011
09.30 – ANALYZING, MONITORING, SIMULATING AND MANAGING SPATIAL PHENOMENA
Chair: Ivan Blečić (Department of Architecture, Planning and Design, University of Sassari, Alghero)
Urban Development Scenarios and Probability Mapping for Greater Dublin Region: The MOLAND Model Applications
Harutyun Shahumyan, Laura Petrov, Brendan Williams, Sheila Convery, 
Michael Brennan -  University College Dublin Urban Institute Ireland
Roger White - Memorial University of Newfoundland Canada
Statistical Evaluation of Spatial Interpolation Methods for Small-Sampled Region. A Case Study of Temperature Change Phenomenon in Bangladesh
Avit Bhowmik, Pedro Cabral - Institute of Statistics and Information Management, New University of Lisbon
Linking SLEUTH Urban Growth Modeling to Multi Criteria Evaluation for a Dynamic Allocation of Sites to Landfill
Abdolrassoul Salman Mahiny - Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources
Mehdi Gholamalifard -Tarbiat Modares
Mapping the anthropic backfill of the historical center of Rome (Italy) by using Intrinsic Random Functions of order k (IRF-k) 
Ciotoli Giancarlo, Francesco Stigliano, Fabrizio Marconi, Massimiliano Moscatelli, Marco Mancini, Gian Paolo Cavinato - Institute of Environmental Geology and Geo-engineering (I.G.A.G.), National Research Council, Italy
Individual movements and geographical data mining. Clustering algorithms for highlighting hotspots in personal navigation routes.
Giuseppe Borruso, Gabriella Schoier  - University of Trieste
11.10 – Closing Ceremony (Auditorium Faculty of Sciences) 
13.00 Lunch
POSTER SESSIONS
Monday June 20, 2011, 10:30-11:00 ; 16:10-16:40; Tuesday  June 21, 2011, 10:30-11:00 and 16:10-16:40
Chair: Jaime Puig-Pey Echebeste, (University of Cantabria)  
Spatial Autocorrelation Analysis of Soil Pollution Data in Central Taiwan
Hone-Jay Chu, Yu-Pin Lin, Tsun-Kuo Chang
Modelling Arsenic, Lead, Cadmium and Nickel Ambient Air Concentrations in Spain
Marta G. Vivanco, Mª Ángeles González, Inmaculada Palomino, Juan Luis Garrido, Xavier Querol, Bertrand Bessagnet, Jesús de la Rosa, Ana Mª Sánchez de la Campa
Plan4all: European Network of Best Practices for Interoperability of Spatial Planning Information
Franco Vico, Pasquale Di Donato, Laura Berardi, Mauro Salvemini, Beniamino Murgante
Experiments on the Virtual City: Three-Dimensional Reconfigurations of Missing, Never Realized or Destroyed Urban Areas
Gian Marco Girgenti, Mauro Filippi, Federica Marrone
Implementation and Deployment of Geographical Information System Services in the Municipality of Santander
Oscar Cosido, Jesús de José, David Piquero, Andrés Iglesias, Esteban Sainz
For registration please go to the conference web site http://www.iccsa.org/registration

Selected Papers will be published in Springer-Verlag Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS)
volume 6782, 6783 - Murgante, B.; Gervasi, O.; Iglesias, A.; Taniar, D.; Apduhan, B.O. (Eds.)

Session Chairs:
  • Beniamino Murgante, University of Basilicata, Italy
  • Giuseppe Borruso, University of Trieste, Italy
  • Stefania Bertazzon, University of Calgary, Canada.

  • Beniamino Murgante, University of Basilicata, Italy
  • Giuseppe Borruso, University of Trieste, Italy

  • Rosa Lasaponara, Institute of Methodologies for Environmental Analysis, National Research Council, Italy
  • Giuseppe Borruso, Archaeological and monumental heritage institute, National Research Council, Italy

Remote sensing Data Analysis,  modeling, interpretation and  Applications: from a global view to a local analysis (RS 2011)

Beniamino Murgante, PhD
L.I.S.U.T. - D.A.P.I.T. - Facoltà di Ingegneria
Università degli Studi della Basilicata
10, Viale dell’Ateneo Lucano
85100 - Potenza - Italy
tel. +39-0971-205125
fax +39-0971-205185
Mobile: +393204238518
Skype: beniamino.murgante
e-mail: beniamino.murgante@unibas.it
url: http://www.unibas.it/utenti/murgante/Benny.html

VLSI frequently asked interview question

1. what is the difference between mealy and moore state-machines
In the mealy state machine we can calculate the next state and output both from the input and state. But in the moore state machine we can calculate only next state but not output from the input and state and the output is issued according to next state.

2. How to solve setup & Hold violations in the design
To solve setup violation
1. optimizing/restructuring combination logic between the flops.
2. Tweak flops to offer lesser setup delay [DFFX1 -> DFFXx]
3. Tweak launch-flop to have better slew at the clock pin, this will make CK->Q of launch flop to be fast there by helping fixing setup violations
4. Play with skew [ tweak clock network delay, slow-down clock to capturing flop and fasten the clock to launch-flop](otherwise called as Useful-skews)

To solve Hold Violations
1. Adding delay/buffer[as buffer offers lesser delay, we go for spl Delay cells whose functionality Y=A, but with more delay]
2. Making the launch flop clock reaching delayed
3. Also, one can add lockup-latches [in cases where the hold time requirement is very huge, basically to avoid data slip]

3. What is antenna Violation & ways to prevent it
During the process of plasma etching, charges accumulate along the metal strips. The longer the strips are, the more charges are accumulated. IF a small transistor gate connected to these long metal strips, the gate oxide can be destroyed (large electric field over a very thin electric) , This is called as Antenna violation. The ways to prevent is , by making jogging the metal line, which is at-least one metal above the layer to be protected. If we want to remove antenna violation in metal2 then need to jog it in metal3 not in metal1. The reason being while we are etching metal2, metal3 layer is not laid out. So the two pieces of metal2 got disconnected. Only the piece of metal connected to gate have charge to gate. When we laydown metal3, the remaining portion of metal got charge added to metal3. This is called accumulative antenna effect. Another way of preventing is adding reverse Diodes at the gates

To Download the complete Question set (Click here): http://www.mediafire.com/?r5sziucmx2guz6u

Space Nuclear Power

Space Nuclear Power

Through the cooperative efforts of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE),
formerly called the Atomic Energy Commission, and NASA, the United
States has used nuclear energy in its space program to provide electrical
power for many missions, including science stations on the Moon,
extensive exploration missions to the outer planets—Jupiter, Saturn,
Uranus, Neptune, and beyond—and even to search for life on the surface
of Mars.
For example, when the Apollo 12 mission astronauts departed from
the lunar surface on their return trip to Earth (November 1969), they left
behind a nuclear-powered science station that sent information back to
scientists on Earth for several years. That science station, as well as similar
stations left on the Moon by the Apollo 14 through 17 missions, operated
on electrical power supplied by plutonium-238-fueled, radioisotope thermoelectric
generators (RTGs). Since 1961, nuclear-power systems have
helped assure the success of many space missions, including the Pioneer
10 and 11 missions to Jupiter and Saturn; the Viking 1 and 2 landers on
Mars; the spectacular Voyager 1 and 2 missions to Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus,
Neptune, and beyond; the Ulysses mission to the Sun’s polar regions; the
Galileo mission to Jupiter, and the Cassini mission to Saturn.
Energy supplies that are reliable, transportable, and abundant represent
a very important technology in the development of solar-system
civilization. Space nuclear-power systems will play an ever-expanding role
in supporting more ambitious deep space–exploration missions by robots
and in supporting human spaceflight beyond Earth orbit, when astronauts
return to the Moon to build a permanent settlement and then visit Mars
to establish a surface base.
Space nuclear-power supplies offer several distinct advantages over
the more traditional solar and chemical space-power systems. These
advantages include compact size, modest mass requirements, very long
operating lifetimes, the ability to operate in extremely hostile environments
(such as intense trapped-radiation belts, the surface of Mars, the
moons of the outer planets, and even interstellar space), and the ability to
operate independent of distance from, or orientation to, the Sun.
Space nuclear-power systems use the thermal energy or heat released
by nuclear processes. These processes include the spontaneous (but
predictable) decay of radioisotopes, the controlled fission or splitting
of heavy atomic nuclei (such as fissile uranium-235) in a self-sustained
neutron chain reaction, and (eventually) the joining together, or fusing,
of light atomic nuclei (such as deuterium and tritium) in a controlled
thermonuclear reaction. This nuclear-reaction heat is converted directly
or through a variety of thermodynamic (heat-engine) cycles into electric
power. Until controlled thermonuclear fusion capabilities are achieved,
space nuclear-power applications will be based on the use of either radioisotope
decay or nuclear fission reactors.
The radioisotope thermoelectric generator consists of two main
functional components: the thermoelectric converter and the nuclear
heat source. The radioisotope plutonium-238 has been used as the heat
source in all U.S. space missions involving radioisotope power supplies.
Plutonium-238 has a half-life of about 87.7 years and therefore supports
a long operational life. (The half-life is the time required for one-half the
number of unstable nuclei present at a given time to undergo radioactive
decay.) In the nuclear decay process, plutonium-238 emits primarily alpha
radiation that has very low penetrating power. Consequently, only a small
amount of shielding is required to protect the spacecraft from its nuclear
emissions. A thermoelectric converter uses the thermocouple principle to
directly convert a portion of the nuclear (decay) heat into electricity.
A space fission-power system is a device designed and engineered to
generate power for space applications using a nuclear reactor to fission (or
split) uranium atoms. During the fission process, a neutron strikes a uranium
atom, causing it to release energy as it splits into smaller atoms, called
fission products. The released thermal energy (heat) is then converted into
electricity through a conversion system to power the spacecraft. This fission
process can be sustained and controlled to provide power at needed
levels in a continuous manner in a reactor system.
Space reactors are designed differently from terrestrial reactors. The
space reactors are much smaller, typically about the size of a 5-gallon can
of paint. Aerospace safety engineers also design space reactors to remain
in a cold, inactive state until arriving at a designated startup location in
space. Once at this designated location the reactor receives the command
signal to initiate operation. This design feature enhances system launch
and operations safety.
Although the design of a space fission-power system is quite complicated,
the basic theory on which it operates is fairly simple. To generate
electric power, there are only three basic subsystems: a controlled fission
reactor core to produce heat, a cooling loop or mechanism that removes
heat from the core, and a power conversion subsystem that receives the
heat from the cooling loop and converts a portion of the input heat into
electric power. The principles of thermodynamics govern that not all of
the input heat can be converted into useful electric energy, so some of the
input heat must be rejected to the environment (outer space). Engineers
use radiators to remove this excess (or waste) thermal energy from the
space power system and reject it to outer space.
Different power-conversion technologies can be used to convert heat
from the reactor into electricity. The final choice of a power-conversion
technology depends on the requirements of the mission and compatibility
with the rest of the spacecraft, including scientific payload. Engineers also
use a radiation shield to protect electronic components and other sensitive
equipment from the radiation emitted from the reactor during operation.
The Russian space program has flown several space nuclear reactors
(most recently a system called Topaz). The United States has flown only
one space nuclear reactor, an experimental system called the SNAP-10A,
which was launched and operated on-orbit in 1965. The objective of the
SNAP-10A program was to develop a space nuclear-reactor power unit
capable of producing a minimum of 500 watts-electric for a period of one
year, while operating in space. The SNAP-10A reactor was a small (about
the size of a garden pail) zirconium hydride (ZrH) thermal reactor fueled
by uranium-235. The SNAP-10A orbital test was successful, although the
mission was prematurely (and safely) terminated on-orbit by the failure of
an electronic component outside the reactor.
Since the United States first used nuclear power in space, great emphasis
has been placed on the safety of people and the protection of the
terrestrial environment. A continuing major objective in any new space
nuclear-power program is to avoid undue risks. In the case of radioisotope
power supplies, this means designing the system to contain the radioisotope
fuel under all normal and potential accident conditions. For space
nuclear reactors, such as the SNAP-10A and more advanced systems, this
means launching the reactor in a “cold” (non-operating) configuration
and starting up the reactor only after a safe, stable Earth orbit or interplanetary
trajectory has been achieved.
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